Who Shaped Wimbledon?

The first Wimbledon Championship was held on a rainy July afternoon in 1877 at the All England Club off Worple Road in London.

Admission was one shilling—about $5 today—and nearly 200 spectators arrived for the final match. Competitors served underhand or at shoulder height. Rackets were made of wood, strings were spun from cow intestine, and the tennis balls were hand sewn with cloth. Players wore ties and hats. The prize for winning was 12 guineas—about $1,200 today.

Wimbeldon is still played at the All England Club in London, and the players continue to play on grass. But it's no surprise that more than a century of innovation in both technology and process, has radically changed the game.

Here's a look at a few of the companies that have completely disrupted how Wimbeldon works.

Strung Out

The days of intestinal tennis strings are (nearly) over, thanks in part to Luxilon, a family-owned company based in Antwerp founded in 1959.

For most of the company's history, the small manufacturing firm produced filaments for a variety of applications, from medical sutures to undergarments. In the early 1990s, the company began producing a line of tennis strings. 

But rather than using the more conventional nylon, Luxilon manufactured strings from polyester, which offered slightly more friction on contact with a ball, so players could enhance their topspin.

The strings went relatively unnoticed by pros until 1997 when Gustavo Kuerton, a young Brazilian player, decided to string his racket with Luxilon's co-polymer monofilament line of tennis strings. He won three French Opens with it--and the tennis world took notice.

Today, Luxilon sells a branded version of its tennis string--Big Banger--to tennis players around the world, including former No. 1-ranked Spanish player, Juan Carlos Ferrero.

An Infallible Umpire?

If you've watched tennis in the last few years, you've no doubt seen images from the Hawk-Eye camera—which unfold as an animated, slow motion instant replay of a tennis ball as it touches down on the ground. How does it work? The Hawk-Eye utilizes 10 cameras placed around the court to triangulate the motion of the ball in order to replay its trajectory.

The technology was developed and patented in 2001 by Dr. Paul Hawkins, a British inventor who hold a Ph.D. in Artificial Intelligence. Hawkins founded Hawk-Eye Innovations in London in September, 2001, in order to commercialize his invention.

Hawk-Eye made its debut in 2003 at the Australian Open. In the summer of 2006 it was introduced to the U.S. Open in New York. Just last June did it debut at Wimbledon.

In 2011, Sony acquired Hawk-Eye Innovations, but the company still operates under its own brand. The technology is being adapted for precision-judgement of other sports, including football, cricket, and even snooker, a British cue game.

Green Giants
When it comes to turf, this small, U.K-based company is at the forefront of grass technology (yes, really).

The Sports Turf Research Institute is the company behind the turf at Wimbledon. Its 70 employees include grass engineers, chemists, researchers, agronomists--all of whom are charged with creating and maintaining the perfect slabs of turf for tennis matches.  

Founded in 1929, the institute (which reportedly brings in around $6 million in revenue) was one of the first to introduce scientific standards to turf management. For example, the guide for Wimbledon's grass maintenance is 33 pages, and includes such details as optimal measurements for ball-bounces off perfect turf.

At the institute headquarters, the company is constantly updating its methods for testing grass; it has, for example, a small machine that replicates a tennis player's skids to sample various grasses' endurance. The company has also consulted with the governing bodies of other turf-played sports, such as soccer's FIFA.